Grand Juries: Overview and Function
Definition and Authority
A grand jury, literally "large jury," is a body of citizens empowered by law to investigate potential criminal conduct and determine whether criminal charges should be brought. It conducts its proceedings in secret and is not bound by the rules of evidence that apply in a trial.
Composition and Selection
Grand juries typically consist of 12 to 23 people selected from the community. They are chosen randomly from voter registration lists or other public records.
Powers and Responsibilities
Grand juries have broad powers to subpoena witnesses, examine evidence, and hear testimony. Their primary responsibility is to determine if there is probable cause to believe that a crime has been committed and that the accused is responsible for the crime. If so, the grand jury will issue an indictment, formally charging the accused with a crime.
Secrecy
Grand jury proceedings are held in secret to protect the identities of witnesses and to prevent the release of potentially damaging information before trial. However, the results of a grand jury investigation, including any indictments, are typically made public.
Importance in the Criminal Justice System
Grand juries play a critical role in the criminal justice system by ensuring that criminal charges are only brought when there is sufficient evidence to support them. They also serve as a watchdog to prevent government overreach and protect the rights of individuals.
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